نشریه اسلام و پژوهش های روان شناختی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1394)

Marriage has been described as the most important and most basic human relationship. This is because it prepares the ground for family relations and nurturing the future generation. On the other hand, the best device for humans’ relations is verbal interaction, because humans can communicate their needs and requests through it. The present study aims at investigating the effect of teaching verbal skills on family functioning with an emphasis on Islamic sources. The method used was an experiment based on pretest and posttest with a control group. The participants Answered McMaster Family Assessment Device questionnaire. The statistical population of this study were selected, through cluster random sampling, from among all married women in district 15 of Tehran city, who were not content with their level of family functioning. The data collected were investigated through inferential covariance analysis. The findings show that teaching verbal skills based on Islamic sources is effective in improving the level of family functioning as well as subscales of problemsolving, communication, family roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning. Besides, the results show that demographic variables, education, age and age of marriage were not effective in heightening the level of family functioning. Thus, the teaching package could cause positive changes in the process of relationship of couples and family functioning by intervening and altering the couple’s level of familiarity with religious models of verbal and non-verbal behavior in interacting with one another and achieving the best style of relationship – i.e. the explicit and respectful style.

The present research aims at constructing an initial test regarding the presence of heart while praying based on the Islamic sources. To do so, the researcher has attempted to draw upon the Holy Quran and Hadiths so as to explicate the components and signs of heart presence in prayer, presenting a test that evaluates the presence of heart in adults’ prayers. The selected research methods are descriptive and survey. In descriptive method, religious teachings were gathered and the classified signs of that construct were analyzed and evaluate by eight religious experts. In survey method, the validity and reliability of the test were analyzed in a sample of 70 participants including seminary and university students of Qom. For data analysis, we used indicators and statistical methods related to our research questions such as Pearson Correlation, Spearman Correlation, Guttman Split-Half Coefficient, Kendall Coefficient of Concordance, Cronbach’s Alpha, and Chi square. The results of the research showed that the content validity of the test was desirable according to the assessment of 10 experts. Correlation coefficient of the experts’ opinions was positive and significant. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was 0.369 which is significant at 0.01 level. Furthermore, the basic reliability of the test was calculated as 0.909 in Cronbach’s Alpha, 0.790 in the split-half correlation, 0.883 in Spearman-Brown split half coefficient, and 0.867 in Guttman’s spilt half coefficient. Besides, for the validity of the component, the correlation of individual questions with total score, the correlations of the components with total score and the correlation of components with one another were measured that resulted in desirable validity. Final results indicated that by using the Islamic sources, it is feasible to build a tool for the evaluation of heart presence component in prayer which has a desirable reliability and validity and could be applied for research as well as educational purposes.

The present study aims at recognizing the factors of eudemonic savoring and investigating the psychometric features of its short-form questionnaire based on Islamic sources. To do the study, 344 seminary and university students were selected through cluster random sampling and answered the short-form questionnaires of eudemonic savoring and psychological well-being. The results show that the internal harmony of the short-form questionnaire was 0.89 with five factors, and it has an acceptable construct validity. However, its construct validity is higher than the construct validity of the initial form. The total extracted factors explain more variance, and the factors are in a higher harmony with the components of the theoretical model. There is a meaningful correlation between the scores of eudemonic savoring and the scale of psychological well-being, which shows its convergent validity.

This fundamental study aims at designing and constructing a test of men’s commitment to Islamic teachings on conjugal relations and fidelity, which was conducted through descriptive-analytical survey. To do the present study, the teachings for interaction of men with their wives have been gathered in an argumentative way, and – after stages of construction and assessing the reliability – a questionnaire composed of 36 items was handed out among 383 male married teachers in Qom city, selected through cluster sampling. In investigating the validity of the scale, the agreement of 92% of experts showed the validity of the scale content. The factor analysis of findings showed that the test of men’s commitment to Islamic teachings on conjugal relations consists of eight factors as follows: fidelity and responsibility, relational, financial affairs, concentration/ emotional attention, active sympathy, giving gifts, optimism and forgiveness, religious growth. Cronbach’s alpha (0.88) and split-half coefficient (0.751) show the internal reliability of the scale. Based on the findings of the study, we may say that the questionnaire has a desirable reliability and validity, and that it gives us coherent factors through which we may study men’s commitment to Islamic teachings on conjugal relations, and they may be used both in research and treatment.

The present study aims at investigating the intermediary role of purpose in life in relationship between religious orientation and subjective well-being. 399 university students answered the questionnaires on the scale of subjective well-being, scale of life satisfaction, revised scale of religious orientation, and modified test on purpose in life. The study is of correlation type and makes use of methods such as correlation coefficient, regression, and Sobel test to analyze the findings. The findings show that the relationship of religious standards with happiness and life satisfaction are positive and meaningful. These relations are stronger with life satisfaction and purpose in life. The relationship between purpose in life and religious variables and subjective well-being is positive, and the intermediary role of purpose in life in relationship between religious orientation and well-being standards is verified. The present study helps identify the relationship between piety and psychological well-being and health. It also introduces some mechanisms for future studies.

One of the common problems for families in todays’ world is spousal conflicts. The present study is a descriptive one conducted through correlation method to investigate the relationship between primary incompatible schemas and piety among conflicting and non-conflicting spouses. The statistical population of the study consisted of 782 married persons in Semnan Province, selected through multi-stage random sampling. The data were analyzed through methods of Person correlation and Fischer’s Z-test. The results, while challenging the function of primary schemas incompatible with piety, verify the modifying role of the variable of spousal conflict. That is, the relationship between piety and primary incompatible schemas is meaningfully stronger in non-conflicting spouses.

The present study aims at investigating the relationship between moral intelligence, purpose in life and spiritual well-being in high school students. This study is in correlational form and the sample group consisted of 250 high school students from Delfan city, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The devices used were the questionnaires of spiritual well-being, moral intelligence and purpose in life. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software and simultaneously investigated by using Pearson’s correlation test and regression analysis. The results showed that the variables of the study are meaningfully related to one another, and moral intelligence and purpose in life predict some part of the variance of spiritual well-being meaningfully. In sum, we may say that purposefulness in life and acquiring moral intelligence can lead to spiritual well-being.